The efficient operation of a transformer is contingent upon the maintenance of heat generation within specified limits. The phenomenon of heat transfer in transformers transpires through three distinct mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation.
In oil-immersed transformers, heat originating from the core and windings is transferred to the oil by means of convection. As the oil temperature rises, its density decreases, causing the hot oil to ascend while cooler oil from the bottom replaces it. The consequence of this is the establishment of a continuous circulation of oil within the tank and radiator-finwall, thereby facilitating heat transfer to the external environment through surface emissivity.
In the evaluation of cooling methodologies for distribution transformers, corrugated fin walls have been shown to possess numerous advantages when compared to conventional radiator systems.
Transformer Cooling Method Comparison
| Aspect | Corrugated Fin Wall | Radiator |
| Size Range | Widths: 300–1600 mm; Fin Height: 50–400 mm | Widths: 226–520 mm; Height: 500–5500 mm with multiple fins |
| Compactness | Highly compact; integrated into the transformer tank. | Bulky; requires additional installation space. |
| Handling & Site Fitment | Simplified logistics with a single integrated unit. | Separate components demand extensive handling and fitment. |
| Area Footprint | Reduced footprint; ideal for space-constrained environments. | Larger footprint due to external radiator banks. |
| Cooling Efficiency | Moderate but effective; depends on fin geometry and spacing. | High efficiency from large surface area and optional forced cooling. |
| Maintenance | Lower maintenance; fewer external parts. | Higher maintenance due to multiple components. |
| Cost | Lower cost; streamlined manufacturing and design. | Higher initial cost from separate construction and installation. |
| Application | Best suited for distribution transformers and compact setups. | Preferred for large transformers and high-load scenarios. |
| Packaged Substation Suitability | Ideal for packaged substations; space-efficient and easy to deploy. | Less suitable due to bulk and complexity. |
| Hermetically Sealed Design | Often hermetically sealed; enhances reliability and reduces maintenance. | Rarely hermetically sealed; more exposure to environmental factors. |
| Lead Time | Faster turnaround; integrated design accelerates production and installation. | Longer due to separate procurement and assembly. |
In conclusion, the utilisation of corrugated fin walls for cooling distribution transformers confers a multitude of technical advantages, thereby establishing them as a superior option for contemporary applications where space efficiency, ease of installation, and reliability are of the essence.
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